48 Crimson Creek (C) event

Location: Australia (Tasmania)

Age: Cambrian

Rating: B (7)

VOLCANIC ROCKS: Crimson Creek formation & correlated units [161].

COMMENT: rift volcanic rocks (tholeiitic picrites to evolved ferrobasalts) [161].

49 Antrim (C) event [162] [163] [164] [165] [165a]

Location: n. Australia (Birrindudu, Ord, Officer, & Bonaparte basins, & Halls Creek orogen) & ?sw. Australia, ?South Australia)

Size: 450,000 sq. km (p. 282 in [163])

Age: 0.51 Ga

Rating: A (1v)

VOLCANIC ROCKS: flood basalt [166]: Antrim Plateau (in Ord, Bonaparte, Birrindudu basins) [166]; Nutwood Down [165]; Helen Springs [165]; Peaker Piker [165]; Colless [165]; Table Hill volcanic rocks (in Officer Basin) [167] [166], R? 575± 40 Ma [168]; Kulyong volcanic rocks (South Australia) (p. 415 in [164]).

DIKES: Milliwindi (Kimberley Basin), Uz 513±12 Ma [162] [165]; ? E trending dikes in Albany Mobile belt & Fraser Mobile belt [169]; ? "post-D2" metamorphosed dikes (Adelaide Fold Belt) Uz 510±2 [170]; ?Willyama Inlier, NW trending, (p. 140 in [171]); dolerite in Savory Basin (U ca. 510 Ma, M. Wingate, 2000, personal communication).

COMMENTS: The Bunger Hills region of East Antartica was opposite the Albany Mobile belt in Gondwana reconstructions and contains similar age dikes [169].

50 Wichita Mountains (C) event [172] [173]

Location: sc. USA

Size: 30,000 sq. km. [174]

Age: 0.53 Ga

Rating: B (4i)

VOLCANIC ROCKS: Navajoe Mountain Basalt-Spilite Group [173].

DIKES: ? Gunnison, ESE trending, R 497±16 Ma [175] [173]; aeromagnetic anomalies [174].

SILLS: ? widespread diabase encountered in drill core (Fig. 3 in [174]).

LAYERED INTRUSIONS: Raggedy Mountain gabbro group: includes Glen Mountains layered complex S 528±29 Ma, R 577±165 Ma (>Roosevelt gabbros) and Roosevelt gabbros: Mount Sheridan gabbro (Uz 552±7 Ma, [176]), (A 535±8 A 533±2, A 533±4 Ma [177] [178]).

COMMENT: Associated felsic magmatism, Wichita Granite group, is coeval (Mount Scott Granite Uz 535±3, A 539±2 Ma) [179] [178].

51 Ouarzazate event

Location: nw. Africa (Anti-Atlas Domain)

Age: 0.58-0.56 Ga

Rating: C (8)

VOLCANIC ROCKS: Ouarzazate, 578±15, 563±20 Ma (p. 529-530 in [180]).

COMMENT: Represents initial extensional episode for the ensuing Caledonian-Hercynian tectonic cycle (p. 530 in [180].

52 Late Central-Iapetus (C) event

Location: se. USA, e. Canada

Size: >7000 sq. km. (Catoctin only)

Age: 0.575-0.550 Ga

Rating: B (4vi)

VOLCANIC ROCKS: Catoctin formation basalts Uz 564±9 Ma [181]; Unicoi formation basalts [182].

OTHER VOLCANIC ROCKS: Skinner Cove alkaline basalts, Uz 550.5+3/-2 Ma [183]; Tibbit Hill transitional to alkaline basalts and minor comendites, Uz 554 Ma [184].

DIKES: feeders to Catoctin Uz 572±5 Ma [182].

LAYERED INTRUSION: Sept Iles layered intrusion Uz 564±3 Ma [185].

COMMENTS: early tholeiitic pulse at 620-590 Ma and later pulse of largely transitional to alkaline at 570-550 Ma [186].

53 Middle Central-Iapetus (C) event

Location: e. Canada, ne. USA

Size: 140,000 sq. km.

Age: 0.592-589 Ga

Rating: A (1d, possibly 3)

DIKES: Grenville, ESE trending, U 590+2/-1 Ma, [187] [188] [189]; Adirondack, E-NNE trending [187], A 588-542 [190].

54 Early Central-Iapetus (C) event

Location: e. Canada, ne. USA

Size: 105,000 sq. km.

Age: 0.617-0.613 Ga

Rating: B (5)

VOLCANIC ROCKS: Lighthouse Cove (p. 397 in [191]).

DIKES: Long Range, NE trending, U 615± 2 Ma [192] [193].

COMMENT: Long Range & Egersund (in event 55) dikes linked by [194].

55 Baltoscandian (C) event

Location: Scandinavia

Size: 1000 km long (Baltoscandian dike swarm)

Age: 0.619-0.613 Ga

Rating: B (5)

DIKES: Egersund, ESE trending, Ub 616±3 Ma [195] [194]; Baltoscandian (Sarv), N trending, ca. 600 Ma [196] [197] [198], includes Sarek, U 608± 1 Ma [199].

COMMENT: Egersund & Long Range (in event 54) dikes linked by [194].

56 Volyn (C) event

Location: e. Europe (sw. East European craton)

Size: 140,000 sq. km. (volcanic rocks)

Age: 0.65-0.57 Ga

Rating: B (4v)

VOLCANIC ROCKS: Volyn 650-570 Ma [129] [200].

DIKES: Could some of the dikes of East European craton (see event 45): Moskva, Saratov; Voronezh, L'vov, & Kirov (with ages of £600 Ma [157]) and the Timan (680-350 Ma [157]) be part of Volyn event?

57 Gannakouriep (C) event

Location: South Africa, Namibia

Size: 30,000 sq. km. (dikes only)

Age: 0.72 Ga

Rating: B (5, possibly 3)

VOLCANIC ROCKS: ? Grootderm formation [201]; ? Chameis complex [201].

DIKES: Gannakouriep, NE-N trending fanning swarm R 717±11 Ma [202] [203] [204] [5].

58 Franklin (C) event [205] [5] [206]

Location: n. Canada, w. Greenland

Plume head center: 75^ON, 120^OW (wrt Canada)

Size: 1,100,000 sq. km.

Age: 0.727-0.721 Ga

Rating: A (1dsv, 3)

NORTHERN CANADA

VOLCANIC ROCKS: Natkusiak [207] [208].

DIKES: Franklin, E-S trending fanning swarm (U 723+4/-2 Ma [205]) [209].

SILLS: Victoria Island (Minto inlier) (Ub 723 Ma [205]),[209]; Coronation sills (Ub 723 Ma [205]) [210]; Brock inlier [210a].

LAYERED INTRUSION: ? Darnley Bay intrusion based on gravity anomaly could be correlated with the Franklin event [205] or the Mackenzie event (event 107).

WEST GREENLAND

DIKES: Thule (Greenland), ESE trending, K ca. 730-640 Ma [211] [34].

COMMENT: Linkage between Franklin and Thule dikes has been long assumed [212].

59 Port Nolloth (C) event

Location: sw. Africa (Gariep belt)

Age: 0.74 Ga

Rating: C (8)

VOLCANIC ROCKS: lower Port Nolloth Group [201] (p. 502-503 in [180] (Uz 741±6 Ma on felsic volcanic [213]).

COMMENT: Bimodal (predominately felsic) volcanism deposited in continental rift graben [201] [213] [214]. The felsic volcanism associated with rifting in both the Gariep and Damara belts is statistically the same age between 740 and 750 Ma [213].

60 Muggamurra (C) event

Location: w. Australia (Yilgarn craton)

Size: 140,000 sq. km.

Age: 0.75-0.55 Ga

Rating: B (5)

DIKES: Muggamurra, WSW-SW arcuate swarm, 750-550 Ma [215] [164].

COMMENT: The age dates quoted in [164] for the Muggamurra dikes are based on those dikes in the Northampton complex. Since the Northampton dikes are now considered to belong to the Mundine Well swarm [215], then the Muggamurra dikes remain undated. Note, that in [215] the Muggamurra and Mundine Well swarms (event 61) crosscut, but in [164] they do not.

61 Mundine Well (C) event

Location: nw. Australia (Pilbara, Yilgarn cratons)

Size: 180,000 sq. km.

Age: 0.758-0.752 Ga

Rating: B (5)

DIKES: Mundine Well (includes Northampton dikes), NNE-ENE arcuate swarm, Uz 755±3 Ma [215]; Hamersley basin-2, ENE trending (1000-570 Ma) [216] [126].

COMMENT: see comment in Muggamurra event (event 60).

62 Ogcheon event

Location: Korea

Size: 180,000 sq. km.

Age: 0.758-0.752 Ga

Rating: C (8)

VOLCANIC ROCKS: [217]: Munjuri in Ogcheon belt (Uz 755.8±1.3 Ma [217]); Samgot unit of Imjingang Belt, S 824±143 Ma [218]; Gubongsan Group of Gyeonggi massif, (S 852±48 Ma, Kwon et al. unpub data in [217]).

COMMENT: Bimodal volcanic rocks. Geochemistry suggests a continental-rift environment [217].

63 Gunbarrel (Western North America) (C) event [219] [220]

Location: w. Canada, w. USA

Plume head center: 50^ON, 130^OW

Size: 200,000 sq. km.

Age: 0.78 Ga

Rating: A (3)

VOLCANIC ROCKS: Little Dal [220a].

DIKES: Gunbarrel N-ESE fanning swarm [219]: (U 779±2 Ma [221], U 785±8 Ma; U 782+/-8 Ma (Harlan & Premo in [219]) (includes Mackenzie Mountains (Tsezotene), N trending; Hottah sheets, NE trending; Wyoming, ESE trending.

SILLS: Mackenzie Mountains (Tsezotene) [222] [223]; Wolf Creek, A 776±5 [223a].

COMMENT: Perhaps same as event 77.

64 Boucaut event

Location: sc. Australia

Age: 0.78 Ga

Rating: C (8)

VOLCANIC ROCKS: Boucaut (Beaucaut) volcanic rocks Uz 777±7 Ma (Fanning, personal communication in [224]).

COMMENT: May record onset of Torrensian rifting [224]

65 El Graara event

Location: nw. Africa (Anti-Atlas domain)

Age: 0.80 Ga

Rating: C (8)

VOLCANIC ROCKS: El Graara ophiolite (p. 529-530 in [180]) [225].

INTRUSIONS: El Graara 787±10 Ma [180] [225]; east margin of West African craton (p. 530 in [180]).

COMMENT: Rifting along the east margin of the West African craton occurred at ca. 800 Ma (p. 530 in [180]).

66 Willouran-Gairdner (C) event [226] [171] [227]

Location: sc. Australia

Size: 210,000 sq. km. [171]

Age: 0.83 Ga

Rating: A (1vds)

VOLCANIC ROCKS: [171]; Wooltana volcanic rocks; Beda volcanic rocks; Bitter Springs volcanic rocks.

DIKES: [171]; Gairdner, NW-WNW trending arcuate swarm (Ub 827±6 Ma [171]); Amata, WNW-NW trending, (Ub 824±4 Ma S-S. Sun, unpub. data cited on p. 128 in [228]) [229]; Little Broken Hill NW trending; Cook, NW trending [126].

SILL-LIKE LAYERED INTRUSION: Little Broken Hill gabbro pluton Uz 827±9 Ma [171].

COMMENT: Linked with South China event (event 67) [230].

67 South China (C) event

Location: s. China (Yangtze craton of South China block)

Size: perhaps throughout Yangtze craton

Age: 0.83 Ga

Rating: B (5, 4s)

VOLCANIC ROCKS: [230]; ?Lower Sinian (p. 454 in [180].

DIKES AND SILLS: northern Guangxi, WNW trending, Uz 828±7 Ma [230]; Yengyangguan (825±25 Ma, H. Zhou & X.H. Li, work in progress, cited in [230]).

COMMENT: Associated South China granites have same age as dikes and sills [230]. South China event linked with Willouran-Gairdner event (event 66) [230].

68 Bir El Khzaim (C) event

Location: Morocco, Mauritania, Mali, Algeria

Size: 520,000 sq. km.

Age: 0.85 Ga

Rating: B (5)

DIKES: Bir El Khzaim, N trending, ca. 850 Ma [231] [232]) [233] [234] [235].

69 Bukoban (C) event(s)

Location: Tanzania, Burundi, Cameroon (Congo Craton)

Size: 300,000 sq. km.

Age: 0.83-0.70 Ga

Rating: B (4v)

VOLCANIC ROCKS: Kabuye-Gagwe lavas in Tanzania K 815-800 Ma [236]; Poli schist in northern Cameroon (Uz 830±12 Ma on Hosseree Goldyna metarhyolite [237]).

SILLS: Nyaganza A 709±2 Ma [238].

DIKES: ? Tanzania SE-SW fanning swarm [239]: Tanzania V, SE trending; Tanzania III, S trending; Tanzania IV, SW trending.

COMMENTS: Alternatively, the dikes may belong to Bukoba-Kavumwe event (event 119).

70 Glen Doe event

Location: Scotland (Moine Supergroup)

Size: >2000 sq. km.

Age: 0.873 Ga

Rating: C (possibly 8)

INTRUSIONS: Glen Doe metagabbros (Uz 873±6 Ma [240]).

DIKES: Glen Doe metamorphosed dikes (crosscut the metagabbros but are thought to be similar in age [240]).

COMMENT: Glen Doe bodies widespread in Moine Group. The MORB-like chemistry in the dikes, and the lack of coeval compression features suggest emplacement of the Glen Doe bodies (gabbros and dikes) in an extensional setting [240].

71 Makuti event

Location: Zimbabwe, Zambia (Zambezi belt)

Age: 0.88-0.74 Ga

Rating: C (8)

VOLCANIC AND INTRUSIVE ROCKS: [241] [242]; In Zimbabwe: Makuti; Rushinga; Rushinga-Nyamapanda; Guruve; In Zambia: Nazingwe; Kafue (felsic rocks have Uz ages between 880 Ma and 740 Ma (unpublished data of M. Wardlaw cited in [242] [242a] [242b] [242c].

COMMENT: Bimodal nature of volcanism and abundance of peralkline felsic rocks suggest a continental rift setting [241].

72 Southern PRT (late Proterozoic rift-related tholeiitic) (C) event(s)

Location: e. USA

Size: in Appalachian basement inliers over distance of 700 km

Age: 0.9-0.5 Ga

Rating: B (5)

VOLCANIC ROCKS: Mount Rogers formation (Crossnore Complex), Uz 758±12 Ma [182].

DIKES: Southern PRT (Proterozoic rift-related tholeiite), NNE-ENE trending [243] includes: Hudson Highlands, Reading Prong, Avondale, Honeybrook, Skyline, & Bakersville (R 734± 26 Ma [244]).

73 Arabian-Nubian Shield (O) event

Location: ne. Africa & Middle East (Arabian-Nubian Shield)

Age: 0.90-0.87 Ga

Rating: B (4v)

VOLCANIC ROCKS: [245] [80].

74 Aracuai (C) event

Location: Brazil (Sao Francisco Craton)

Age: 0.91 Ga

Rating: C (8)

DIKES, SILLS, & STOCKS: [246] [247].

COMMENT: Uz 906±2 Ma [248] age for mafic dike, sill, or stock. Associated with Aracuai rift. Is there a link with event 87 (p. 270-271 in [248a])?

75 Blekinge-Dalarna (C) event

Location: sw. Norway (Fennoscandian Shield)

Size: 90,000 sq. km. (for Blekinge‚Dalarna dikes)

Age: 0.93 Ga

Rating: B (5)

DIKES: Blekinge-Dalarna NNW-NNE arcuate swarm, S ca. 930 Ma [249]; (S,U 960-925 Ma [250] based on Sm-Nd data in [249] & unpublished U-Pb baddeleyite data by U. S–derlund).

LAYERED INTRUSION: ? Bjerkreim-Sokndal layered intrusion [251] (?<930; >920 Ma [252]?). Similar age as Rogaland anorthosite massif (includes Egersund-Ogna, Haland-Helleren, and Ana Sira intrusions) U 931±2 Ma [252].

76 Lower Katangan (C) event(s)

Location: Central Africa (Congo Craton)

Size: 140,000 sq. km.

Age: 1.0-0.7 Ga

Rating: C (possibly 4v)

VOLCANIC ROCKS: Roan (lower Katangan), Mbuju Mayi (K 948±20 Ma); Zadinian in Zaire; Mayumbian in Zaire; Sansikwa Group ca. 970 Ma (p. 515 in [180]).

COMMENT: Based on study of Zadinian, [253] proposed that the West Congo belt evolved from intracratonic marginal basin formed by asthenospheric upwelling [mantle plume] that was subsequently deformed in response to collision (p. 515 in [180]).

77 Windermere event

Location: w. Canada, w. USA

Age: ca. 1.0-0.8 Ga

Rating: C (possibly 8)

VOLCANIC ROCKS: (p. 481-486 in [180]): Irene; Leola & Huckleberry (S 762±44 [253a]).

COMMENT: Both rift and stable-platform settings have been proposed (p. 481 in [180]). Perhaps same as event 63.

78 Hagar-Tokar (O) event

Location: Eritrea, Sudan (s. Nubian Shield)

Age: Neoproterozoic

Rating: B (4vd)

VOLCANIC ROCKS: Hagar-Tokar metabasalts, Neoproterozoic [254].

DIKES: Sudan, E trending [255].

79 Mutare event

Location: Zimbabwe

Size: 20,000 sq. km.

Age: 1.0-0.6 Ga

Rating: B (5)

DIKES: Mutare, SSE-SE trending [256].

80 Trans-Yilgarn (C) event(s)

Location: w. Australia (Yilgarn Craton)

Size: 600,000 sq. km.

Age: 1.0-0.6 Ga

Rating: B (5)

DIKES: Trans-Yilgarn, NE trending 1000-570 Ma [257] [216] [258] [126].

81 Baikal area events

Location: e. Russia (Baikal fold belt)

Age: 1.0-0.7 Ga

Rating: C (9i)

VOLCANIC ROCKS: 1000-800 Ma [259].

DIKES: ?Sharyzhalgai block, N-NW trending [260].

LAYERED INTRUSIONS: Dovirensky (Ioko-Dovirensky, Dovyren) (S 673±22 Ma, S 707±40 Ma [261]) R 739±55 Ma [262], Chaisky, Gasan-Dyakitsky, Nyurundukansky, Kurlinsky, Tonkiy Mys, and Kivelyevsky intrusions [263].