1000 Ma large mafic magmatic events

82 Sette-Daban continental flood basalt(C) event

Location: SE. Siberia (Sette Daban fold belt)

Age: 1.0 Ga

Rating: C (9s)

SILLS: Sette-Daban, (Ub 1005±4, Ub 974±7 Rainbird et al., 1998[264]), (S 942±18 Ma Pavlov et al., 1992[265]).

COMMENT: Up to 1 km cumulative thickness of 10 - 100 m thick gabbro sills Rainbird et al., 1998[264]. May be difficult to distinguish from Belaya River sills in same area; see event 47.


83 Rincón del Tigre continental flood basalt(C) event Prendergast et al., 1998[266]

Location: Bolivia (Bolivian Shield)

Age: 1.0 Ga

Rating: B (4i)

SILL-LIKE LAYERED INTRUSION: Rincón del Tigre intrusion (993±139; R 992± 86 Ma) Annells et al., 1986[267] Prendergast et al., 1998[266].

COMMENT: Part of a 1100 km long N trending suite of mafic rocks intruded into the Aguapei Mobile belt Prendergast et al., 1998[266].


84 Bangemall-2 continental flood basalt(C) event

Location: N. Australia (Bangemall basin)

Size: 143,000 sq. km.

Age: 1.0 Ga

Rating: B (4s)

SILLS: Bangemall Muhling and Brakel, 1985[268] Geological Survey of Western Australia, 1990[164], (U ca. 1000 Ma, M. Wingate, 2000, personal communication).

COMMENT: Event size refers to combined Bangemall-1 (event 120) and Bangemall-2 events.


85 Laanila-Kautokeino continental flood basalt(C) event

Location: N. Finland (Fennoscandian Shield)

Size: 40,000 sq. km.

Age: 1.05 Ga

Rating: B (5)

DIKES: Laanila (Ristijärvi), NE trending, S 1042±50, S 1013±32 Ma Mertanen et al., 1996[269]; Kautokeino (Karasjok), NE trending, S 1066±34 Ma Mertanen et al., 1996[269].


86 Tirupathi continental flood basalt(C) event

Location: India

Size: 150,000 sq. km.

Age: 1.1-1.0 Ga

Rating: B (5)

DIKES: Tirupathi (Cuddapah), N trending, R,M 1100-1000 Ma Radhakrishna and Joseph, 1993[270] Rao et al., 1990[271] Halls, 1982[272] Ernst et al., 1996[117].


87 Bahia continental flood basalt(C) events

Location: Brazil

Size: 30,000 sq. km.

Age: 1.1-1.0 Ga

Rating: B (5, possibly 3)

DIKES: Bahia E-SSE fanning swarm(s?) Correa-Gomes and Oliveira, 1997[273] Correa Gomes, 1995[274] Correa Gomes and Tanner de Oliveira, 1994[275] Correa Gomes et al., 1994[276] includes: Salvador, SSE trending (Ub ca. 924 Ma Heaman, 1991[277]), (1021+/-8 Ma D'Agrella Filho et al., 1989[278]); Itacaré, ESE trending; Ilhéus-Olivença-Camaca, E trending; (A ca. 1012 Ma; A ca. 1077 Ma Renne et al., 1990[279] D'Agrella-Filho et al., 1990[280].

COMMENT: Linked to plume arrival Correa-Gomes and Oliveira, 1997[273], and attempted breakup of Congo-Sao Francisco Craton Correa-Gomes and Oliveira, 1997[273] Pedrosa-Soares and Wiedermann-Leonardos, 2000[248a].


88 Giles continental flood basalt(C) event

Location: C. Australia (W. Musgrave block, ?E. Musgrave block, Arunta Block)

Size: 18,000 sq. km. (Giles complex only)

Age: 1.083-1.073 Ga

Rating: B (4i)

VOLCANIC ROCKS: Mummawarrawarra volcanic rocks of Tollu Group (Uz 1078±5 Sun et al., 1996[281]) Glikson et al., 1996[228].

DIKES: Type A Glikson et al., 1996[228] Sheraton and Sun, 1997[282], (S ca. 1100 Ma, Glikson et al., 1996[228]); Champ de Mars, NE trending dike (130 m wide), Uz 1058±14 Ma (p. 128 in Glikson et al., 1996[228]); Stuart, N trending, S 1076±33 Ma Zhao and McCulloch, 1993[229] Sheraton and Sun, 1997[282].

LAYERED INTRUSIONS: Giles tectonically fragmented intrusions Glikson et al., 1996[228] includes: Jameson Range, Blackstone Range, Cavenagh Range, Bell Rock (Uz 1078±3 Ma, Sun et al., 1996[281]), Hinckley Range, Michael Hills, Mount Davies, Kalka, Murray Range, The Wart, Wingellina Hills (S 1047±28, 1077±32 Ma, Sun et al., 1996[281]), Claude Hills, Gosse Pile, Ewarara.

SHEETS: Alcurra (Kulgera, Victory Downs, Ayers Range) sheets Sheraton and Sun, 1997[282] Drexel et al., 1993[283] Camacho et al., 1991[284] (S 1090±32 Ma Zhao and McCulloch, 1993[229]).

COMMENT: prelim. Uz 1073±5 Ma for either chilled phase of Hinckley Range intrusion or type A diabase dike Sun et al., 1996[281]. Giles complex emplaced at depths of 4-6 kb Glikson et al., 1996[228].


89 Southwestern USA diabase province continental flood basalt(C) event(s)

Location: SW. USA

Size: 360,000 sq. km.

Age: 1.090-1.066 Ga

Rating: B (5, 4s)

VOLCANIC ROCKS: Cadernas lavas R 1070±70 Ma Elston and McKee, 1992[285].

DIKES: Huluapai, SE trending, U ca. 1100-1080 Ma Conway and Gonzales, 1995[286] Uzb 1100±2 Ma Shastri et al., 1991[287].

SILLS: Howard, 1991[287a]: Pahrump Ub 1087±3, 1069±3 Ma Heaman and Grotzinger, 1992[288]; Arizona Harlan, 1993b[289] Hammond and Wooden, 1990[290].


90 Keweenawan continental flood basalt(C) event Nicholson et al., 1997[291] Cannon, 1992[292] Van Schmus, 1992[293]

Location: SC. Canada, nC. USA

Size: 160,000 sq. km.

Age: 1.109-1.083 Ga

Rating: A (1v)

VOLCANIC ROCKS: North Shore Volcanic Group, U 1109-1095 Ma, six dates Davis and Green, 1997[294], Powder Mill volcanic rocks, U 1109-1097 Ma, two dates Davis and Green, 1997[294] , Osler Group, U 1105.3±2.1 Ma Davis and Green, 1997[294], U 1107.5+4/-2 Ma Davis and Sutcliffe, 1985[295], Lake Shore traps, U 1087.2±1.6 Ma Davis and Paces, 1990[296], Portage Lake volcanic rocks, U 1096.2±1.8, U 1094.0±1.5 MaDavis and Paces, 1990[296], Michipicoten Island volcanic rocks, U 1086.5+1.3/-3.0 Ma Palmer and Davis, 1987[297].

DIKES: RIFT PARALLEL DIKES: Keweenawan Green et al., 1987[298] Ernst and Buchan, 1997a[5] Ernst and Buchan, 1998[131] (includes: Puskaskwa, SE trending; Copper Island; Thunder Bay, NE-ENE trending; Carlton County, NNE trending; Baraga-Marquette, E-ENE trending.

SILLS: Logan sills (includes Nipigon sills) (U 1108.2±0.9 Ma Davis and Green, 1997[294].

SILL-LIKE LAYERED INTRUSIONS: Nathan's Layered Series intrusion (Uz 1106.9±0.6 Ma Paces and Miller, 1993[299]); Duluth complex (Uz 1099.0± 5 Ma Paces and Miller, 1993[299]) (including Birch Lake, Dunka River, Kawishiwi, Babbit, Allen, and Moose Mountain intrusions; Mellen intrusive complex: Uz 1102.±2.8 Ma, Uz 1100.9±1.4 Ma Zartman et al., 1997[300], includes (Potato River, Mineral Lake, and Rearing Pond intrusions).

LAYERED INTRUSION: Beaver Bay complex (Uzb 1095.8±1.2 Ma Paces and Miller, 1993[299]), includes: Silver Bay intrusion; Sonju Lake body (Ub 1096.1±0.8 Ma Paces and Miller, 1993[299]).

OTHER INTRUSIONS: Carbonatite complexes Heaman and Machado, 1992[301].


91 Umkondo continental flood basalt(C) event Hanson et al., 1998[302]

Location: SC. Africa (Kalahari craton) & Antarctica (Grunehogna province)

Size: 900.000 sq. km., 840,000 sq. km. (Africa portion), 50,000 sq. km. (Antarctica portion)

Age: 1.107-1.103 Ga

Rating: A (1vs)

AFRICA (KALAHARI CRATON)

VOLCANIC ROCKS: bimodal volcanic rocks including Kgwebe?Ghanzi rift rhyolites (U 1106±2 Ma Hanson et al., 1998[302]).

DIKES: Guruve, NE trending (including Deweras dike); ? Kamativi (Dete inlier), NE trending Wilson et al., 1987[256] Hanson et al., 1998[302].

SILLS: Umkondo Uz 1105±2 Ma Hanson et al., 1998[302]; (Ub ca. 1100 Ma, M. Wingate, 2000, personal communication).

SILL-LIKE LAYERED INTRUSIONS: Timbavati gabbro sheets (Transvaal region); Dibete-Shoshong and Kanye-Mochudi dolerite and gabbro sheets in eastern Botswana; Tshane gabbroic complex.

ANTARCTICA (GRUNEHOGNA PROVINCE)

VOLCANIC ROCKS: ?Ritscherflya Hanson et al., 1998[302].

SILLS: ?Borgmassivet and Ahlmannryggen Sheraton et al., 1987[303] Hanson et al., 1998[302].

ANTARCTICA (COATS LAND)

VOLCANIC ROCKS: Coats Land rhyolite and granophyre, Uz 1112±4 Ma Gose et al., 1997[304].

COMMENT: Probably separated from Umkondo equivalents in Grunehogna Province by a pan-African suture (R. Hanson, 2000, personal communication).


92 Camucuo event

Location: Angola

Size: 140,000 sq. km.

Age: 1.1 Ga

Rating: B (5)

DIKES: Camucuo (Bembe, Ompupa), NNW trending, R 1119±27 Ma Angola, 1981[305] Silva and Balões, 1991[306] Simpson, 1970[307].


93 Lakeview event(s)

Location: N. Australia (Mount Isa Block)

Size: >15,000 sq. km.

Age: 1.13 Ga

Rating: C (9d)

DIKES: W3, B2 and E4, N and E trending Ellis and Wyborn, 1984[308] Tanaka and Idnurm, 1994[309]; Lakeview, R 1116±12 Ma Page, 1983[310]); Ub ca. 1130 Ma (J. Claoue-Long, 2000, personal communication); (two other dikes, K 868±12, K 1135±62 & K 1179±44 Ma Tanaka and Idnurm, 1994[309].


94 Abitibi [dike] continental flood basalt(C) event

Location: Canada (Superior Province)

Size: 350,000 sq. km.

Age: 1.14 Ga

Rating: B (5)

DIKES: Abitibi NE-ENE fanning swarm, includes Great Abitibi dike (Ub 1141±1 Ma Krogh et al., 1987[311]) and Kipling dike Ernst and Buchan, 1993[312] Ernst and Bell, 1992[313] Ernst and Buchan, 1997a[5].

COMMENT: Dikes are sparsely distributed.


95 Late Gardar continental flood basalt(C) event

Location: S. Greenland (Greenland Shield)

Size: 20,000 sq. km.

Age: 1.20-1.12 Ga

Rating: B (5)

DIKES: GIANT DIKES: Tugtutôq Younger Giant Dyke Complex, NE trending, Upton et al., 1996[314] (U 1163± 2 Ma Buchan et al., 2001[315]); Tugtutôq Older Giant Dyke (Hviddal), NE trending, (R 1150±9, 1154±16 Ma, Kalsbeek et al., 1990[316]) Upton et al., 1996[314]; Bangs Havn giant dike, NE trending??, R 1185±22 Ma Kalsbeek et al., 1990[316]; NE trending diabase dikes (BD2, BD1?) Kalsbeek et al., 1990[316] Berthelsen and Henriksen, 1975[317].

LAYERED INTRUSIONS: Klokken, Ubt 1166±3 Ma Kalsbeek et al., 1990[316]; Alangorssuaq gabbro R 1119±48 Ma Kalsbeek et al., 1990[316]; Nunarssuit syenite, R 1130±14 Ma Kalsbeek et al., 1990[316]; Illimaussaq syenite S 1130±5 Ma Paslick et al., 1993[318].

COMMENT: Rift setting Upton and Emeleus, 1987[319].


96 Pecos continental flood basalt(C) event

Location: SC. USA (Grenville Province)

Size: 360 km long, 50-100 km wide, 5 to 9 km thick (PMIC)

Age: 1.16 Ga

Rating: C (9i)

DIKES: Franklin Mountain (accompanying Red Bluff Granitic Suite dated at 1120±35 Ma) Barnes et al., 1999[322].

LAYERED INTRUSION: Pecos Mafic Intrusive Complex (PMIC) [Nellie intrusion] (Uz 1163±4 Ma Keller et al., 1989[320] ) Kargi and Barnes, 1995[321] Barnes et al., 1999[322].

COMMENT: the PMIC represents one of the largest layered intrusions in North America Kargi and Barnes, 1995[321]. Preferred age is 1163 Ma, but ages from 1163-1072 Ma were determined Barnes et al., 1999[322]. PMIC varies from funnel-like body in the south to sill-like body in the north Barnes et al., 1999[322].


97 Wakeham-Tshenukutish-Algonguin event(s)

Location: E. Canada (Wakeham terrane, Manicouagan imbricate zone, & western Grenville, Grenville province)

Age: 1.17 Ga

Rating: C (9s)

DIKES: ?Lac Le Doré, E trending Trzcienski and Verpaelst, 1999[328].

SILLS: Davy Group (Lac Davy) in Wakeham terrane, Ubz 1177+5/-4 Ma Martignole et al., 1994[323]; coronitic gabbro in Baie du Nord segment of Tshenukutish domain Ub 1170±5 Ma Cox et al., 1998[324]; Algonquin metagrabbros in the Central Gneiss belt of the western Grenville.

COMMENT: Linked to extension, removal of mantle lithosphere and asthenospheric upwelling Cox et al., 1998[324].


98 Protogine Zone-2 continental flood basalt(C) event

Location: Scandinavia (Fennoscandian Shield)

Size: 100,000 sq. km.

Age: 1.18 Ga

Rating: B (5)

DIKES: Protogine Zone-2, N trending, S 1180 Ma Johansson and Johansson, 1990[249] Bylund, 1992[329] Larson et al., 1990[330].


99 Ibitiara-Ibiajara event

Location: Brazil

Size: 90,000 sq. km.

Age: 1.2-0.9 Ga

Rating: B (5)

DIKES: Ibitiara-Ibiajara (Espinhaço), SE trending, 1200-900 Ma Correa Gomes and Tanner de Oliveira, 1994[275] Correa Gomes et al., 1994[276] Sial et al., 1987[113] Oliveira, 1991[330a].


100 West Anabar continental flood basalt(C) event(s)

Location: E. Russia, Siberia (western slopes of Anabar Shield)

Size: 20,000 sq. km.

Age: 1.3-0.9 Ga

Rating: B (4s)

DIKES: NW & NE trending Okrugin et al., 1990[331].

SILLS: Okrugin et al., 1990[331].


101 Fraser continental flood basalt(C) event

Location: SW. Australia (se Yilgarn craton)

Size: >23,000 sq. km.

Age: 1.21 Ga

Rating: B (5)

DIKES: Fraser, NE trending, Ub 1212±10 Ma Wingate et al., 2000[332].

COMMENT: Similar age found in diabase and quartz diorite dikes (Uz 1215±11 Ma) in c. and s. Yilgarn Wingate et al., 2000[332] Qui et al., 1999[333].


102 Gnowangerup continental flood basalt(C) event

Location: SW. Australia (S. Yilgarn craton)

Size: 46,000 sq. km.

Age: 1.21 Ga

Rating: B (5)

DIKES: Gnowangerup, E-ENE trending, 1300-1000 Ma Geological Survey of Western Australia, 1990[164] Parker et al., 1987[216], (U ca. 1210 Ma, Evans, 2000[334] Wingate et al., 2000[332]).

COMMENT: May be same age as (and related to) Fraser event (no. 101) Wingate et al., 2000[332].


103 Boyagin continental flood basalt(C) event

Location: SW. Australia (Yilgarn craton)

Size: 75,000 sq. km.

Age: 1.2-1.3 Ga

Rating: B (5)

DIKES: Boyagin, NNW trending, R 590-560 Ma Compston and Arriens, 1968[335] Geological Survey of Western Australia, 1990[164], (preliminary U 1300-1200 Ma, M. Wingate, 2000, personal communication).

COMMENT: A 1400-1200 Ma age has also been suggested Parker et al., 1987[216] Boyd and Tucker, 1990[126].


104 Sudbury [dike] continental flood basalt(C) event

Location: Canada (Superior, Grenville, & Southern provinces)

Size: 90,000 sq. km.

Age: 1.24- 1.23 Ga

Rating: B (5)

DIKES: Sudbury, SE trending Palmer et al., 1977[336] Bethune, 1993[337] Ernst, 1994[338], (Ub 1235+7/-3 Ma Dudàs et al., 1994[339]; 1238±4 Ma Krogh et al., 1987[311]).


105 Seal Lake-Mealy continental flood basalt(C) event(s)

Location: E. Canada (Grenville province)

Size: 20,000 sq. km.

Age: 1.26-1.22 Ga

Rating: B (4svd)

VOLCANIC ROCKS: Seal Lake group volcanic rocks Baragar, 1981[340] Cadman et al., 1994[341] Gower et al., 1990[342].

DIKES: Mealy, ENE trending, (Ub 1250±2 Ma Hamilton and Emslie, 1997[344]) Emslie et al., 1984[344a].

SILLS: Seal Lake (Naskaupi), (Uzb 1250+14/-7 Ma, 1224+6/-5 Ma, Romer et al., 1995[343]) Baragar, 1981[340].


106 Central Scandinavian Dolerite Group (CSDG) continental flood basalt(C) event

Location: Finland, Sweden (Fennoscandian Shield)

Size: >90,000 sq. km.

Age: 1.265 Ga

Rating: B (4s)

VOLCANIC ROCKS: ? Salma & Dalarna suites (p. 374 in Goodwin, 1991[180]).

DIKES: Possible CSDG dikes, ENE, WNW, & NNW trending Lundqvist et al., 1996[345].

SILLS: sheets and sills Suominen, 1991[346] Gorbatschev et al., 1987[144]; Säppi Uz 1264±12 Ma Suominen, 1991[346]; Hankkila, Eurajoki, Uz 1258±13 Ma Suominen, 1991[346].

DIKES OR SILLS: not specified whether dikes or sills: Märket, Eckerö, Uz 1265±6 Ma Suominen, 1991[346], Norrgrynnan, Korsnäs Uz 1268±13 Ma Suominen, 1991[346].


107 Mackenzie continental flood basalt(C) event

Location: N. and C. Canada (Canadian Shield)

Plume head center: 71 N, 116 W

Size: 2,700,000 sq. km. Fahrig, 1987[209]

Age: 1.267 Ga

Rating: A (3)

VOLCANIC ROCKS: LeCheminant and Heaman, 1989[347]. Coppermine Baragar et al., 1996[348]; Ekalulia; & Nauyat.

DIKES: Mackenzie, S-ESE fanning swarm, U 1267±2 Ma LeCheminant and Heaman, 1989[347] LeCheminant and Heaman, 1991[349]) Baragar et al., 1996[348].

SILLS: Christie Bay; Athabasca sheets, Dismal Lakes.

LAYERED INTRUSIONS: ?ring of five layered intrusions (marked by gravity anomalies Baragar et al., 1996[348] LeCheminant and Heaman, 1989[347], ?Darnley Bay Baragar et al., 1996[348]. Alternatively, Darnley Bay could be associated with Franklin event (event 58).

FUNNEL INTRUSION: Muskox intrusion U 1270±4 Ma LeCheminant and Heaman, 1989[347] Francis, 1994[350] Smith et al., 1967[351].


108 Harp continental flood basalt(C) event

Location: E. Canada

Size: 25,000 sq. km.

Age: 1.273 Ga

Rating: B (5)

DIKES: Harp, NE-ENE trending (U 1273±1 Ma Cadman et al., 1993[352]).


109 Middle Gardar continental flood basalt(C) event

Location: S. Greenland (Greenland Shield)

Size: 20,000 sq. km.

Age: 1.28-1.22 Ga

Rating: B (5)

DIKES: BD0, ESE-ENE trending, 1280 Ma (Heaman & Upton in Cadman et al., 1993[352]).

INTRUSIONS: North Qôroq R 1268±61 Ma Paslick et al., 1993[318], Ivigtut granite R 1222±25 Ma Kalsbeek et al., 1990[316].

COMMENT: Rift setting Upton and Emeleus, 1987[319].


110 Late Kibaran continental flood basalt(C) event

Location: Angola, Zambia, Zaire, Tanzania, Burundi, Kenya, Uganda (Congo Craton)

Age: 1.35-1.26 Ga

Rating: C (9vi)

VOLCANIC ROCKS: ca. 1350-1260 Ma (p. 428 in Goodwin, 1991[180]).

LAYERED INTRUSIONS: Late Kibaran mafic-ultramafic intrusions, 1275-1220 Ma Meert et al., 1994[353].

COMMENT: Kibaran rocks are also known as Burundian in Zaire, Burundi, and Rwanda and Karagwe-Ankolean in Uganda and Tanzania (p. 428 in Goodwin, 1991[180]).


111 Koras-Sinclair continental flood basalt(C) event(s)

Location: Botswana, Namibia (W. & N. Kalahari Craton)

Age: 1.3-1.2 Ga

Rating: C (8)

VOLCANIC ROCKS: Koras & Sinclair rift, ca. 1300-1200 Ma (p. 427-428 in Goodwin, 1991[180]) Borg, 1988[354].

COMMENT: Deposited in rift basins (p. 428 in Goodwin, 1991[180]) Borg, 1988[354]. Backarc setting favored by Hoal, 1993[355]. The Ghanzi & N'Gami Lake rift volcanic rocks, 1050-900 Ma (p. 427-428 in Goodwin, 1991[180]) Borg, 1988[354] were linked by Borg, 1988[354], but these are now considered to belong (at least in part) to the Umkondo event (no. 91) (R.Hanson, 2000, personal communication).


112 Early Gardar continental flood basalt(C) event

Location: S. Greenland (Greenland Shield)

Size: 5,000 sq. km

Age: 1.35-1.30 Ga

Rating: C (8)

INTRUSIONS: Gronnedal Ika, R 1299±17 Ma Kalsbeek et al., 1990[316]; Motzfeldt syenite complex, Ua 1350±23 Ma Paslick et al., 1993[318]), (M ca. 1250 Ma Piper, 1992[356]).

COMMENT: Rift setting Upton and Emeleus, 1987[319].


113 Midsommersø-Zig-Zag Dal continental flood basalt(C) event Jepsen et al., 1980[357] Kalsbeek and Jepsen, 1983[358]

Location: N. Greenland (Greenland Shield)

Size: 30,000 sq. km.

Age: 1.4-1.3 Ga

Rating: B (4vds)

VOLCANIC ROCKS: Zig-Zag Dal Jepsen et al., 1980[357] Marcussen and Abrahamsen, 1983[359].

DIKES: Midsommerso, NE trending Bengaard and Henriksen, 1986[360] Marcussen and Abrahamsen, 1983[359]; North Greenland dolerites, E trending Abrahamsen and Van der Voo, 1987[361].

SILLS: Midsommerso sills, (R ca. 1230 Ma Kalsbeek and Jepsen, 1983[358]), (M 1400-1300, Marcussen and Abrahamsen, 1983[359] Abrahamsen and Van der Voo, 1987[361], Buchan unpublished data).


114 Lubero continental flood basalt(C) event

Location: Congo D.R.

Size: 180,000 sq. km.

Age: 1.4-1.2 Ga

Rating: B (5)

DIKES: Lubero, ENE trending, (?1600-900 Ma) Thibaut, 1982[362], 1400-1200 Ma (H. Kampunzu, 1999, personal communication).


115 Serro do Cachimbo event(s)

Location: Brazil

Size: 160,000 sq. km.

Age: 1.3 Ga

Rating: B (5)

DIKES: Serro do Cachimbo-1, SE trending, K ca. 1330 Ma Sial et al., 1987[113] Lima and Bezerra, 1991[363]; Serro do Cachimbo-2, NE trending, K ca. 1330 Ma Sial et al., 1987[113] Lima and Bezerra, 1991[363].


116 Derim Derim continental flood basalt(C) event

Location: Australia (McArthur basin)

Size: 120,000 sq. km.

Age: 1.32 Ga

Rating: B (4s)

DIKES: Derim Derim Abbott et al., 2000[364].

SILLS: Derim Derim Abbott et al., 2000[364] McDougall et al., 1965[365] Parker et al., 1987[216] (Ub ca. 1325 Ma J. Claoue-Long, 2000, personal communication).

COMMENT: These are sills that intrude the Roper Group.


117 Niquelândia Upper Layered Series continental flood basalt(C) event

Location: C. Brazil (Goiás massif, Central Brazil Shield)

Age: ca. 1.35 Ga

Rating: C (8)

LAYERED INTRUSION: Barro Alto Suita et al., 1994[366]; Niquelândia Ferreira-Filho et al., 1994[367].

COMMENT: Upper Layered Series portion of tectonically fragmented, rift-related intrusion (or intrusions), Barro Alto, Niquelândia and Cana-Brava, extending for 350 km Ferreira Filho, 1998[368] Ferreira Filho and Pimentel, 2000[369] Ferreira-Filho et al., 1992[370] Suita et al., 1994[366]. Emplacement age(s) poorly defined owing to metamorphic resetting of isotopic systems Ferreira Filho, 1998[368]: Barro Alto (Uz 1730-1720 Ma Suita et al., 1994[366]) & Niquelândia (Uz 1560-1600 Ma Ferreira-Filho et al., 1994[367]). According to a recent interpretation, Lower Layered Series (LS) is ca. 2.0 Ga, while the Upper Layered Series (US) found at Barro Alto and Niquelândia is 1.35 Ga and the LS and US were subsequently tectonically juxtaposed Ferreira Filho and Pimentel, 2000[369] Pimentel et al. 2000[370a]. See also event 165.


118 Southeast Baltica-2 continental flood basalt(C) event

Location: C. Russia, S. Urals (SE. Fennoscandian Shield)

Age: 1.35 Ga

Rating: C (8, 9v)

VOLCANIC ROCKS: Peri-Uralian Nikishin et al., 1996[129] Lagutenkova and Chepikova, 1982[371]; Mashak formation (p. 377 in Goodwin, 1991[180]) Bibikova et al., 1989[372] (R 1348±16, R 1346±41, Uz 1354±20, Uz 1350±30 Ma Bibikova et al., 1989[372]); Krestersk suite (p. 377 in Goodwin, 1991[180]) (1245-1345 Ma Aksenov et al., 1978[373]); Salmi suite (p. 377 in Goodwin, 1991[180]) (1350 Ma Aksenov et al., 1978[373]); Kama-Bel'sk graben (p. 376 in Goodwin, 1991[180]).

DIKES: Kama-Bel'sk (K 1380-1300 Ma) Goodwin, 1991[180].

COMMENT: Rift related.


119 Bukoba-Kavumwe continental flood basalt(C) event

Location: Tanzania, Burundi (Congo Craton)

Age: 1.38-1.35 Ga

Rating: B (4s)

SILLS: Bukoba Sandstone, A 1350±10, A 1379±10 Deblond et al., 1999[238], Kavumwe, 1360±20, A 1340±9 Ma Deblond et al., 1999[238]; ? Kisii in Kenya (1221-546 Ma Cahen et al., 1984[374]) (p. 520-521 in Goodwin, 1991[180]).

COMMENT: Some dikes grouped with the Bukoban event (event 69) may belong here.


120 Bangemall-1 continental flood basalt(C) event

Location: N. Australia (Bangemall Basin)

Size: 143,000 sq. km.

Age: 1.4 Ga

Rating: B (4s)

SILLS: Bangemall-1 Muhling and Brakel, 1985[268] Geological Survey of Western Australia, 1990[164], (U ca. 1400 M. Wingate, 2000, personal communication).

COMMENT: Event size refers to combined Bangemall-1 and Bangemall-2 (event 84) events.


121 Axamo continental flood basalt(C) event

Location: Sweden (Fennoscandian Shield)

Age: 1.410 Ga

Rating: B (5)

DIKES: Axamo, E trending, U 1410±10 Ma, Åhäll and Connelly, 1998[375].

COMMENT: Axamo dikes are often composite (mafic-felsic) Åhäll and Connelly, 1998[375]. Breven Hällefors dikes (also E trending) may be part of Axamo swarm Åhäll and Connelly, 1998[375], although they have also been interpreted as ca. 1.52 Ga Åhäll and Connelly, 1998[375].


122 Michael-Shabogamo continental flood basalt(C) event(s)

Location: E. Canada (Grenville province, SE. Churchill province)

Size: 50,000 sq. km.

Age: 1.43 Ga

Rating: B (4s)

DIKES: Indian Harbour, E trending Murthy and Deutsch, 1972[376].

SILLS: Michael Gabbro intrusions (sheets, lenses, & sills) (Uz 1426±6 Ma Schärer et al., 1986[377]) Emslie et al., 1997[378]; Shabogamo Gabbro (sheets, lenses & sills) (Uz 1459+23/-22 Ma Connelly and Heaman, 1993[379]) Emslie et al., 1997[378].

COMMENT: U-Pb data from Michael Gabbro and Shabogamo Gabbro collectively define a mixing line with an upper intercept of 1431±7 Ma consistent with correlation of the two suites Connelly and Heaman, 1993[379].


123 Trond-Göta continental flood basalt(C) event

Location: Sweden (Fennoscandian Shield)

Size: swarm length >650 km

Age: 1.457 Ga

Rating: B (5)

DIKES: Trond-Göta, N trending, includes Orust (Uz 1457±6 Ma Åhäll and Connelly, 1998[375]) and Kattsund-Koster Åhäll and Connelly, 1998[375].

INTRUSIONS: Selsnes gabbro, U 1462±2 Ma Åhäll and Connelly, 1998[375], Östmark diabase U 1465±11 Ma Åhäll and Connelly, 1998[375].


124 Moyie continental flood basalt(C) event

Location: NW. USA, SW. Canada (Belt-Purcell Supergroup)

Size: 120,000 sq. km. (dikes only)

Age: 1.468 Ga

Rating: B (5)

DIKES: Wyoming block-1, ESE-SE trending, U ca. 1460 Ma Chamberlain and Frost, 1995[380] Harlan, 1993a[381].

SILLS: Moyie sills (Uz 1468±2 Ma Anderson and Davis, 1995[382]) (Uz >1455 Ma Höy, 1989[383]).

COMMENT: Many Wyoming craton anorthosites also of similar age.


125 Kengede continental flood basalt(C) event

Location: NE. Russia (Anabar Shield)

Size: 14,000 sq. km.; 300 km long

Age: 1.6-1.2 Ga

Rating: B (5)

DIKES: Kengede, E trending, K 1600-1200 Ma Okrugin et al., 1990[331].